Logic

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1. Logic 001 What Logic Is A
2. Logic 002 Statements A
3. Logic 003 Non-Statements A
4. Logic 004 Arguments A
5. Logic 005 Premises A
6. Logic 006 Conclusions A
7. Logic 007 Indicator Words A
8. Logic 008 Arguments vs. Non-Arguments A
9. Logic 009 Explanations vs. Arguments A
10. Logic 010 Standard Form A
11. Logic 011 Validity A
12. Logic 012 Invalidity A
13. Logic 013 Validity Is About Form, Not Truth A
14. Logic 014 Valid with False Premises A
15. Logic 015 Invalid with All True Statements A
16. Logic 016 Soundness A
17. Logic 017 Valid vs. Sound A
18. Logic 018 Deductive vs. Inductive A
19. Logic 019 Inductive Strength A
20. Logic 020 Cogency A
21. Logic 021 The Counterexample Method A
22. Logic 022 Testing Validity by Counterexample P
23. Logic 023 Enthymemes A
24. Logic 024 The Principle of Charity A
25. Logic 025 Argument Structure: Serial, Convergent, Linked A
26. Logic 026 Diagramming an Argument P
27. Logic 027 Complex Passages: Sub-Conclusions A
28. Logic 028 Truth, Validity, Soundness: The Map A
29. Logic 029 Deciding Deductive vs. Inductive A
30. Logic 030 Capstone: Full Passage Analysis C
31. Logic 031 Unit 1 Recap: The Skeleton A
32. Logic 041 Cognitive vs. Emotive Meaning A
33. Logic 042 Ambiguity A
34. Logic 043 Lexical vs. Syntactic Ambiguity A
35. Logic 044 Vagueness A
36. Logic 045 Ambiguity vs. Vagueness A
37. Logic 046 Intension and Extension A
38. Logic 047 Definiendum and Definiens A
39. Logic 048 Stipulative Definitions A
40. Logic 049 Lexical Definitions A
41. Logic 050 Precising Definitions A
42. Logic 051 Theoretical Definitions A
43. Logic 052 Persuasive Definitions A
44. Logic 053 Definition by Genus and Difference A
45. Logic 054 Ostensive and Enumerative Definitions A
46. Logic 055 Operational Definitions A
47. Logic 056 Too Broad, Too Narrow A
48. Logic 057 Circular Definitions A
49. Logic 058 Evaluating a Definition P
50. Logic 059 Verbal vs. Factual Disputes A
51. Logic 060 Capstone: Dissolving a Verbal Dispute C
52. Logic 066 Categorical Statements A
53. Logic 067 Subject and Predicate Terms A
54. Logic 068 The Four Standard Forms A
55. Logic 069 A Statements A
56. Logic 070 E Statements A
57. Logic 071 I Statements A
58. Logic 072 O Statements A
59. Logic 073 Quantity A
60. Logic 074 Quality A
61. Logic 075 Distribution A
62. Logic 076 Distribution Across the Four Forms A
63. Logic 077 Venn Diagrams for Statements A
64. Logic 078 Diagramming All Four Forms P
65. Logic 079 Contradictories A
66. Logic 080 Contraries A
67. Logic 081 Subcontraries A
68. Logic 082 Subalternation A
69. Logic 083 Existential Import A
70. Logic 084 Conversion A
71. Logic 085 Obversion A
72. Logic 086 Contraposition A
73. Logic 087 Applying Immediate Inferences P
74. Logic 088 Translating into Standard Form A
75. Logic 089 "Only" and "The Only" A
76. Logic 090 Singular Statements A
77. Logic 091 Translation Walkthrough P
78. Logic 092 The Categorical Syllogism A
79. Logic 093 Major, Minor, and Middle Terms A
80. Logic 094 Mood and Figure A
81. Logic 095 Identifying Mood and Figure P
82. Logic 096 The Venn Test for Validity A
83. Logic 097 Venn Test: Valid Case P
84. Logic 098 Venn Test: Invalid Case P
85. Logic 099 Rules Method: Distribution Rules A
86. Logic 100 Rules Method: Quality Rules A
87. Logic 101 The Existential Fallacy A
88. Logic 102 Undistributed Middle A
89. Logic 103 Illicit Major and Illicit Minor A
90. Logic 104 Sorites A
91. Logic 105 Capstone: Full Syllogism Analysis C
92. Logic 116 Simple vs. Compound Statements A
93. Logic 117 The Five Connectives A
94. Logic 118 Negation A
95. Logic 119 Conjunction A
96. Logic 120 Disjunction A
97. Logic 121 Exclusive "Or" A
98. Logic 122 The Conditional A
99. Logic 123 Antecedent and Consequent A
100. Logic 124 The Biconditional A
101. Logic 125 Translating "Unless" A
102. Logic 126 Translating "Only If" A
103. Logic 127 Necessary vs. Sufficient Conditions A
104. Logic 128 "If" vs. "Only If" A
105. Logic 129 Scope and the Main Connective A
106. Logic 130 Symbolizing Compound Statements P
107. Logic 131 Truth Table: Negation A
108. Logic 132 Truth Table: Conjunction A
109. Logic 133 Truth Table: Disjunction A
110. Logic 134 Truth Table: The Conditional A
111. Logic 135 Why the Conditional's Table Looks Wrong A
112. Logic 136 Truth Table: The Biconditional A
113. Logic 137 Row Counts: 2ⁿ A
114. Logic 138 Building a Full Truth Table P
115. Logic 139 Tautologies A
116. Logic 140 Self-Contradictions A
117. Logic 141 Contingent Statements A
118. Logic 142 Logical Equivalence A
119. Logic 143 Consistency A
120. Logic 144 Testing Equivalence and Consistency P
121. Logic 145 The Truth-Table Test for Validity A
122. Logic 146 Full Validity Test Walkthrough P
123. Logic 147 The Short Truth-Table Method A
124. Logic 148 Short Method Walkthrough P
125. Logic 149 Modus Ponens A
126. Logic 150 Affirming the Consequent A
127. Logic 151 Modus Tollens A
128. Logic 152 Denying the Antecedent A
129. Logic 153 Hypothetical Syllogism A
130. Logic 154 Disjunctive Syllogism A
131. Logic 155 Affirming a Disjunct A
132. Logic 156 Constructive Dilemma A
133. Logic 157 Capstone: Form-Spotting Drill C
134. Logic 191 What a Proof Is A
135. Logic 192 Proof Notation A
136. Logic 193 Modus Ponens as a Proof Move A
137. Logic 194 Modus Tollens as a Proof Move A
138. Logic 195 Hypothetical Syllogism as a Proof Move A
139. Logic 196 Disjunctive Syllogism as a Proof Move A
140. Logic 197 Simplification A
141. Logic 198 Conjunction A
142. Logic 199 Addition A
143. Logic 200 Constructive Dilemma as a Proof Move A
144. Logic 201 First Proof Walkthrough P
145. Logic 202 Proof Strategy: Working Backward P
146. Logic 203 Replacement Rules: The Concept A
147. Logic 204 De Morgan's Rules A
148. Logic 205 Commutativity A
149. Logic 206 Associativity A
150. Logic 207 Distribution A
151. Logic 208 Double Negation A
152. Logic 209 Transposition A
153. Logic 210 Material Implication A
154. Logic 211 Material Equivalence A
155. Logic 212 Exportation A
156. Logic 213 Tautology (Redundancy) A
157. Logic 214 Proof Using Replacement Rules P
158. Logic 215 Conditional Proof A
159. Logic 216 Conditional Proof Walkthrough P
160. Logic 217 Indirect Proof A
161. Logic 218 Indirect Proof Walkthrough P
162. Logic 219 Proving Tautologies A
163. Logic 220 The Common Proof Errors A
164. Logic 221 Capstone: A Mixed-Strategy Proof C
165. Logic 256 Why Propositional Logic Isn't Enough A
166. Logic 257 Constants and Variables A
167. Logic 258 Predicates A
168. Logic 259 The Universal Quantifier A
169. Logic 260 The Existential Quantifier A
170. Logic 261 The Four Forms, Upgraded A
171. Logic 262 Free vs. Bound Variables A
172. Logic 263 The Pairing Rule A
173. Logic 264 Translation Practice P
174. Logic 265 Quantifier Negation A
175. Logic 266 Applying Quantifier Negation P
176. Logic 267 Universal Instantiation A
177. Logic 268 Universal Generalization A
178. Logic 269 Existential Instantiation A
179. Logic 270 Existential Generalization A
180. Logic 271 First Predicate Proof P
181. Logic 272 Proof with EI Restrictions P
182. Logic 273 Relational Predicates A
183. Logic 274 Overlapping Quantifiers A
184. Logic 275 Translating Relational Sentences A
185. Logic 276 Identity A
186. Logic 277 "Only," "Except," and Superlatives A
187. Logic 278 Definite Descriptions A
188. Logic 279 Relational Proof Walkthrough P
189. Logic 280 The Finite-Universe Method A
190. Logic 281 Proving Invalidity P
191. Logic 282 Capstone: Full Predicate Analysis C
192. Logic 331 Strength Revisited A
193. Logic 332 Enumerative Induction A
194. Logic 333 Sample Size and Sample Bias A
195. Logic 334 Argument from Analogy A
196. Logic 335 What Makes Analogies Strong A
197. Logic 336 Mill's Method of Agreement A
198. Logic 337 Method of Difference A
199. Logic 338 The Joint Method A
200. Logic 339 Concomitant Variation A
201. Logic 340 Method of Residues A
202. Logic 341 Applying Mill's Methods P
203. Logic 342 Correlation vs. Causation A
204. Logic 343 Necessary and Sufficient Causes A
205. Logic 344 Three Interpretations of Probability A
206. Logic 345 Conjunction: Independent Events A
207. Logic 346 Conditional Probability A
208. Logic 347 Disjunction Rules A
209. Logic 348 The Negation Rule A
210. Logic 349 Probability Walkthrough P
211. Logic 350 Base Rates A
212. Logic 351 Bayes' Theorem A
213. Logic 352 Bayes Worked Example P
214. Logic 353 The Gambler's Fallacy A
215. Logic 354 Regression to the Mean A
216. Logic 355 Abduction A
217. Logic 356 What Makes an Explanation Best A
218. Logic 357 Capstone: A Causal Claim in the Wild C
219. Logic 376 What Makes a Fallacy A
220. Logic 377 Formal vs. Informal Fallacies A
221. Logic 378 Ad Hominem, Abusive A
222. Logic 379 Ad Hominem, Circumstantial A
223. Logic 380 Tu Quoque A
224. Logic 381 Appeal to Force A
225. Logic 382 Appeal to Pity A
226. Logic 383 Appeal to the People A
227. Logic 384 Appeal to Unqualified Authority A
228. Logic 385 Appeal to Ignorance A
229. Logic 386 Hasty Generalization A
230. Logic 387 Accident A
231. Logic 388 Converse Accident A
232. Logic 389 False Cause A
233. Logic 390 Slippery Slope A
234. Logic 391 Weak Analogy A
235. Logic 392 Begging the Question A
236. Logic 393 Complex Question A
237. Logic 394 False Dichotomy A
238. Logic 395 Suppressed Evidence A
239. Logic 396 Equivocation A
240. Logic 397 Amphiboly A
241. Logic 398 Composition A
242. Logic 399 Division A
243. Logic 400 Straw Man A
244. Logic 401 Red Herring A
245. Logic 402 Missing the Point A
246. Logic 403 Genetic Fallacy A
247. Logic 404 Special Pleading A
248. Logic 405 No True Scotsman A
249. Logic 406 Loaded Language A
250. Logic 407 A Method for Fallacy Identification P
251. Logic 408 Capstone: Fallacy Hunt C
252. Logic 426 The Reconstruction Pipeline A
253. Logic 427 Charity Under Fire A
254. Logic 428 Premise Acceptability A
255. Logic 429 Burden of Proof A
256. Logic 430 Rebuttals vs. Undercutters A
257. Logic 431 Steelmanning A
258. Logic 432 Mapping at Essay Scale A
259. Logic 433 Full Reconstruction Walkthrough P
260. Logic 434 Statistical Claims in Media A
261. Logic 435 Evaluating Expert Testimony A
262. Logic 436 Motivated Reasoning, Structurally A
263. Logic 437 Building Your Own Argument A
264. Logic 438 Constructing a Deductive Argument P
265. Logic 439 Capstone: Full Essay Analysis C
266. Logic 440 Capstone: Construct and Defend C
267. Logic 441 The Map of Everything A