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Biology  /  Bio 0552  ·  Procedure · 60–90 seconds

Steps of the Electron Transport Chain

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Four membrane-bound protein complexes carry electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen in a fixed sequence, pumping hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane at three of the four steps.

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Losing Complex I's pump by entering through Complex II is why FADH2 yields fewer ATP per molecule than NADH does.