Philosophy / Philosophy 0026 · Atom · ~20 seconds
Counterexamples
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A counterexample is a single case that meets a claim's conditions while escaping its conclusion, refuting the claim as stated.
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Claim: knowledge is true belief. Counterexample: a lucky guess can be a true belief, yet nobody calls it knowledge.
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One counterexample defeats a universal claim—but the productive response is revision, not surrender.