Explaining the Gas Laws from Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Explaining a gas law from kinetic-molecular theory means tracing how a change in temperature, volume, or amount alters the frequency and force of particle-wall collisions, and showing that this traced change reproduces the law's already-known pressure, volume, or temperature relationship.

Raising temperature at constant volume speeds the particles, so they strike the walls harder and more often, raising pressure — reproducing Amontons's law. Compressing the same amount of gas into a smaller volume at constant temperature exposes the walls to more frequent collisions without changing their force, raising pressure — reproducing Boyle's law. Adding more particles at constant temperature and pressure requires more volume to keep the collision frequency per wall area unchanged — reproducing Avogadro's law.