Chemistry / Chem 1128 · Atom · ~20 seconds
Bonding Orbital Versus Antibonding Orbital
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Combining two atomic orbitals in phase produces a lower-energy bonding orbital holding nuclei together; out of phase produces a higher-energy antibonding orbital that pulls them apart.
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Two hydrogen 1s orbitals in phase produce a σ1s bonding orbital; out of phase, a σ1s* antibonding orbital.
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Antibonding orbitals fill by energy, not by class — σ2s* antibonding fills before higher bonding orbitals like π2p.