Biology / Bio 0801 · Atom · ~20 seconds
Second Messengers, Defined
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A second messenger is a small molecule that spreads a signal through the cytoplasm after the first messenger, the ligand, has bound its receptor at the membrane.
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A single receptor activation can trigger a burst of second messengers that diffuse quickly through the cytoplasm.
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A second messenger never touches the ligand — it is generated fresh inside the cell after receptor activation.