Biology / Bio 3613 · Atom · ~20 seconds
Pioneer Species and Facilitation
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Pioneer species are the first to colonize bare substrate during primary succession; facilitation is the process by which their presence, often by building soil, makes colonization by later species possible.
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Lichens colonizing bare rock slowly break it down, facilitating the mosses and small plants that follow.
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Facilitation describes pioneers enabling later colonizers, not pioneers actively assisting any specific later species.