Biology / Bio 0251 · Atom · ~20 seconds
Prokaryotic Surface Structures
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Some prokaryotes carry a capsule for surface attachment, flagella for locomotion, and pili or fimbriae for genetic exchange or host attachment.
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A pilus lets one bacterium transfer genetic material to another through direct contact, a process called conjugation.
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A flagellum drives movement; a pilus exchanges material — the two structures are easy to confuse but serve entirely different functions.