Biology / Bio 1761 · Atom · ~20 seconds
The Bottleneck Effect
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The bottleneck effect occurs when a sudden, random event drastically reduces population size, so survivors' allele frequencies become the population's structure going forward.
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A disaster killing most of a population leaves survivors' allele frequencies, whatever they happen to be, defining the population afterward.
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A bottleneck kills indiscriminately with respect to genotype — surviving is chance, not selection for any allele.